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What Is an Off-Grid Home?
Going off-grid implies living in a self-sufficient and autonomous manner without relying on one or more public utilities. With the growing availability of solar panels and renewable energy technologies, many people associate off-grid lifestyles with homes that produce their energy needs. It is essential to mention that the vast majority of the 1.3 million solar installations across the United States remain connected to the grid. Net metering policies have allowed homeowners to be credited with their monthly utility bills for the renewable energy they produce and send back to the grid.
On the other hand, off-grid homes almost always have a solar battery bank to store the energy produced from their renewable energy systems. Because the sun does not shine at night and wind patterns can be irregular, a battery bank allows off-grid homeowners to store their energy for 'round the clock use.
A truly off-grid home does not rely on municipal or public utilities and can provide its own water needs through greywater and black water sources. Rainwater catchment systems attached to cisterns are common ways to provide for your own water needs. Greywater recycling systems (including incorporating a backyard wetland ecosystem) and composting toilets or autonomous septic systems also reduce dependency on municipal sewer systems.
Because off-grid homes don't rely on one or several public utilities, they require a more profound sense of homeowner responsibility. Because the amount of available energy is dependent on what is stored in the battery bank, off-grid homeowners often adopt sustainable living strategies to increase the efficiency of their homes. The lack of dependence on municipal sewer systems can help to reduce the adverse effects of contaminated water and stormwater leaving the property. This can simultaneously offer a source of nutrition and irrigation for backyard gardens and food production. Off-grid homes in rural areas are often without municipal garbage pickup. This requires homeowners to compost, reduce waste, and find nearby recycling facilities.
Can You Insure An Off-Grid Home?
While off-grid homes used to be associated with “back-to-the-land hippies,” today, off-grid sustainable lifestyles are becoming increasingly common. Banks, insurance companies, and other large financial institutions are progressively beginning to offer specialized insurance packages to people who live off-grid. Some insurance companies, such as Donegal Insurance Group of Marietta, offer a 5 percent discount on their premiums to Pennsylvania homeowners who go off-grid with solar panels or geothermal.
Off-Grid Solar and Other Power Options
Powering an off-grid home is perhaps the biggest challenge that homeowners who are considering going off-grid will face. Fortunately, solar panels and other renewable energy technologies are affordable today, and battery storage technology is becoming more efficient. The first step is knowing how much energy demand you will have to avoid being left in the dark by depleting the renewable energy stored in your batteries. This off-grid solar calculator is a simple (and free) online tool that helps homeowners determine the optimum photovoltaic system size.
Off-Grid Home Appliances
Reducing your home's total energy demand is essential for successful off-grid living. Less electricity demand will allow you to save money when sizing your renewable energy system. It will also put less stress on your battery storage system. Alternative off-grid house appliances such as cooktops, refrigerators, and solar appliances are designed to consume less energy while still offering the comforts of modern-day homes. While you can source low-energy appliances for off-grid homes at photovoltaic and houseboat stores, these off-grid house appliances are also worth considering:
- Green Energy Innovations DC Refrigerators: These refrigerators run on DC energy, which means they can be directly connected to the battery system. They will thus help you avoid the energy lost by converting to AC electricity through an inverter.
- Wood Stoves: According to the U.S. Department of Energy, heating and cooling account for about 48% of the energy use in a typical U.S. home, making this the most significant energy expenditure. Converting home heating to a wood stove can reduce your energy demand. It also allows you to heat your home through a sustainably managed forest with high-BTU trees such as Alder wood.
- Induction Stoves and Cooktops: Off-grid homes will most likely not rely on propane or natural gas provided by public utilities. While many electric stoves and ovens use large amounts of electricity, induction stoves and cooktops are some of the most energy-efficient options for your cooking needs. Summit Appliances offers several induction cooktops with energy consumption as low as 1,800 watts.
Off-Grid Homes for Sale
While building your own off-grid home could be the work of a lifetime, there are also entirely off-grid homes that you can find for sale around North America. Below, we briefly detail three top resources for finding and purchasing an off-grid home for a self-sufficient lifestyle.
- Green Homes for Sale - Green Homes for Sale allows you to browse properties by special features such as prefab, LEED, off-grid, and more. Find listings in the United States, Canada, and others.
- SurvivorRealty.com - Survivor Realty specializes in rural listings across the United States and worldwide, focusing on off-grid and self-sufficient homes.
- United Country Real Estate - United Country Real Estate offers "survival" properties with off-grid and alternative energy solutions.
Tobias Roberts
Tobias runs an agroecology farm and a natural building collective in the mountains of El Salvador. He specializes in earthen construction methods and uses permaculture design methods to integrate structures into the sustainability of the landscape.
